Situación actual de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible para 2030 Ir al contenido principal



Situación actual de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible para 2030




Situación actual de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible para 2030


Los objetivos fijados en 2015 trazaron un calendario de 15 años para alcanzar determinados objetivos humanos y medioambientales para 2030. Los Estados miembros de las Naciones Unidas adoptaron los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible como un compromiso para acabar con la pobreza, mejorar la educación, abordar la escasez de agua, eliminar la desigualdad y centrarse en el clima, entre otras 17 metas designadas.
Han pasado siete años desde que se creó la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible y en ese tiempo, los factores políticos, naturales, humanos y económicos han pesado mucho en el éxito de los ODS.
Relacionado: ¿Cómo serán los centros urbanos sostenibles del futuro?
Parte del plan original era la rendición de cuentas a través de informes anuales para saber en qué punto nos encontramos en la consecución de los ODS. Además, el Informe sobre los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible es elaborado por el Departamento de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales de las Naciones Unidas, con aportaciones de organizaciones internacionales y regionales, el sistema de agencias de las Naciones Unidas, estadísticos y profesionales del sector.
Los 17 ODS abordan la pobreza, el hambre, la salud, la educación, la igualdad, el agua potable y la energía sostenible, entre otros. El informe de 2022 se publicó a principios de este año, y los resultados no son buenos.

1. Pobreza

El informe constata que los esfuerzos por acabar con la pobreza se han invertido en cuatro años, principalmente como consecuencia de la pandemia. La pérdida de puestos de trabajo ha supuesto un golpe económico, mientras que la inflación sigue dificultando el estiramiento del presupuesto.
2. Acabar con el hambre
Estrechamente relacionados con la pobreza, los esfuerzos para acabar con el hambre también se han visto afectados por la guerra, el aumento de los precios de los alimentos y las desigualdades sistémicas. En 2020, uno de cada diez seres humanos padece hambre y uno de cada tres no tiene acceso a los alimentos.


3. Garantizar una vida sana


La pandemia ha tenido un impacto abrumador en la salud mundial, con más de 500 millones de infecciones y 15 millones de muertes relacionadas. La interrupción de los servicios sanitarios contribuyó a la falta de atención preventiva, lo que supuso un aumento de las tasas de mortalidad por otras causas y un descenso general de la esperanza de vida.
4. Educación inclusiva y equitativa de calidad
La pandemia provocó un colapso en el aprendizaje que durará al menos una generación. Muchos estudiantes nunca volverán a la escuela. Mientras tanto, en las zonas de bajos ingresos, las desigualdades en el acceso a la educación y a las herramientas educativas se han reducido, aumentando la brecha de la desigualdad.


5. Igualdad de género


La pandemia también ha afectado al papel que desempeñan las mujeres en el lugar de trabajo, ya que hay más madres que dejan el trabajo para quedarse en casa con sus hijos en comparación con los hombres. Los datos de los países que han presentado informes muestran que sólo el 57% de las mujeres toman sus propias decisiones médicas con conocimiento de causa. Más de una de cada cuatro mujeres ha denunciado malos tratos por parte de su pareja. Incluso con un aumento de siete años, las mujeres sólo representan alrededor del 26% de los puestos de liderazgo político.



A water pitcher with lemons


6. Garantizar la disponibilidad de agua


Además, la actividad humana de los últimos 300 años ha diezmado el 85% de los humedales del planeta. Más de 3.000 millones de personas tienen un suministro de agua cuestionable. Más de 744 millones de personas viven en un país con problemas de agua. El informe concluye que debemos multiplicar por cuatro los esfuerzos actuales para cumplir los objetivos de agua de 2030.
7. Acceso a una energía asequible, fiable y sostenible
Debido a las dificultades para llegar a las comunidades marginadas, el progreso en el suministro de electricidad se ha ralentizado. La eficiencia energética no se está desarrollando a un ritmo suficientemente rápido. La financiación también ha disminuido para los países en desarrollo que intentan implantar fuentes de energía renovables. La producción total de energía renovable ha aumentado en una cuarta parte, pero sigue siendo sólo un 18% del uso total de energía.


8. Crecimiento económico y empleo


La inflación, los cambios en el entorno laboral y los problemas de la cadena de suministro siguen dando lugar a tasas de desempleo superiores a las anteriores a la pandemia y a una mala situación económica.


9. Infraestructura, industrialización e innovación


El sector manufacturero se ha recuperado principalmente de la pandemia, con la excepción de los países menos desarrollados, donde se observa un aumento de la desigualdad. Sin embargo, los puestos de trabajo en el sector manufacturero se han reducido en aproximadamente un tercio. Las pequeñas empresas siguen luchando por producir beneficios y tener un acceso adecuado a los préstamos.

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