Cómo reducir las muertes de aves relacionadas con los rascacielos Ir al contenido principal



Cómo reducir las muertes de aves relacionadas con los rascacielos


Light pollution in New York City

Cómo reducir las muertes de aves relacionadas con los rascacielos

Los rascacielos se consideran una proeza de la ingeniería y la arquitectura modernas. Aunque todos reconocemos algunos de sus impactos negativos en el planeta, también estamos viendo cómo el recuento de cadáveres de nuestras poblaciones de aves aumenta hasta cifras preocupantes debido a sus colisiones con estas superestructuras.
Dado que las aves contribuyen a un ecosistema equilibrado de muchas maneras, como la polinización, el control de insectos e incluso la distribución de semillas para ayudar a la regeneración de los árboles, su disminución tiene unos efectos asombrosos. Dado que su número disminuye tan rápidamente en la construcción de colisiones, grupos de conservación y derechos de los animales como Audubon y PETA se están implicando en mantener los cielos seguros y en implementar diseños respetuosos con las aves.
Relacionado: Dormir entre los pájaros en este hotel arbolado de la biosfera
Hay varios factores que los conservacionistas, los científicos y los profesionales de la construcción están empezando a tener en cuenta. Estudiando estos factores, podemos ayudar a modificar los futuros planes de construcción para mitigar algunos de los riesgos que suponen para nuestros amigos emplumados.
Contaminación lumínica
La contaminación lumínica nos afecta a todos. De hecho, se ha señalado que la contaminación lumínica de las ciudades tiene muchos efectos negativos sobre una larga lista de especies, entre las que se encuentran las aves. Muchas ciudades costeras han ordenado noches sin luz para las casas cercanas al agua o a las vías intercosteras en un esfuerzo por salvar a las tortugas. Las tortugas se confunden con las luces después de desovar y no pueden encontrar el camino de vuelta al agua.
Mientras tanto, las aves utilizan las estrellas y el campo magnético de la Tierra como herramientas de navegación para su migración y para desplazarse de un lugar a otro. Como las aves se sienten atraídas por las luces brillantes que arden en nuestras ciudades, se sabe que vuelan sin rumbo hacia la fuente de luz. Esto crea un mayor riesgo de lesiones y muerte al colisionar con los edificios.
Hay algunos programas piloto que han aplicado el enfoque de luces apagadas, adoptado con las poblaciones de tortugas, y lo han utilizado para las poblaciones de aves. Estos programas oscurecen nuestros rascacielos y edificios por la noche para reducir la atracción de las aves por volar a menor altura. Todavía hay que analizar los datos, pero las primeras mejoras son esperanzadoras. Es posible que los mandatos municipales de todo el mundo adopten esta estrategia.
Vidrio
Ni los humanos ni los pájaros pueden ver los cristales transparentes, pero los humanos hemos aprendido señales visuales, como los marcos de las puertas o ventanas, para evitar golpear una puerta de cristal. Los pájaros no poseen esta racionalidad y, por tanto, interpretan las imágenes reflejadas como reales. Esto es especialmente problemático si el cristal refleja una fuente de alimento o una vía de escape. 

A glass skyscraper reflecting the sky

El vidrio supone una amenaza para las aves, ya que no sólo se encuentran con un rascacielos, sino también con casas y edificios de apartamentos que utilizan este material.
Además, el impacto visual de los grandes cristales ha sido durante mucho tiempo la elección de los arquitectos como producto de acabado para el exterior de sus edificios. A veces incluso cubren toda la fachada de un rascacielos en altura.
El vidrio puede seguir utilizándose, pero se ha sugerido que se hagan adiciones. Elementos como el vidrio moteado o texturizado enviarían un mensaje visual a las aves de que su patrón de vuelo se ve perturbado por una estructura frente a ellas, lo que les permitiría redirigirse. Los cristales tintados son también una solución muy utilizada, como los cristales fritados, que crean líneas que los pájaros pueden ver pero los humanos no.
Jardines en la azotea
Los jardines en las azoteas son una tendencia en el movimiento de la construcción ecológica desde hace décadas, pero ahora se estudian como lugar de descanso tanto para la flora como para la fauna. Estos huertos urbanos pueden producir frutas y hortalizas en zonas con espacio limitado para la jardinería, y además fomentan un ecosistema saludable de insectos y vida silvestre, incluidas las aves.
Los tejados pueden proporcionar un espacio de aterrizaje para las aves cansadas en su largo viaje migratorio. Y con los jardines bien separados del suelo, son espacios seguros para las aves que de otro modo podrían encontrarse con depredadores.
No sólo los habitantes del edificio pueden beneficiarse de estos jardines. Podemos compartir nuestro espacio con la vida que está siendo expulsada de su hábitat natural. 
El edificio Star en Los Ángeles
El edificio Star propuesto en Los Ángeles (California), que se elevaría 22 pisos por encima de su característico horizonte de baja altura, ha sido objeto de atención por parte de muchos conservacionistas por su estructura totalmente acristalada y con forma de huevo para ser aumentada.
Las organizaciones de alto nivel han expresado su preocupación por el hecho de que el diseño del edificio sea una trampa mortal para las aves migratorias. Los Ángeles está situada en una ruta migratoria de primavera .

A bird sitting on a tree branch

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